Scala (scalable language) is one of the best-known languages with one of the largest user bases. It is a general-purpose, open source programming language which runs on the JVM. Scala is an ideal choice of language for those working with high-volume data sets and has full support for functional programming and a strong static type system.

Since it was developed to run on the JVM, it allows interoperability with the Java itself, making Scala a very great general purpose language, while also being a perfect option for data science.

Julia is a high-level dynamic programming language designed to address the needs of high-performance numerical analysis, and scientific computing is rapidly gaining popularity amongst the data scientists. It is a newer language, also capable of general purpose programming as well and hasn’t been around as long as R or Python.

SQL (Structured Query Language) is one of the most popular amongst the data science field.

R is an open source language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics, supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

The Python Package Index (PyPI) is a repository of software for the Python programming language.

More info https://pypi.org/

Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language. It incorporates modules, exceptions, dynamic typing, very high level dynamic data types, and classes. Python is an extremely popular general-purpose, dynamic, and is a widely used language within the data science community.